Accepted answer
The short version: intact crimp, seated stopper, legible lot code, and a cake that looks like a cake.
Confirm the lot code is physically on the vial and legible, and that it matches the certificate and the invoice. A code on the box only ties a certificate to a box.
Mechanically, melt-back at the stopper — a glassy ring where the cake meets the closure — indicates the cycle ran warm at the top of the vial. Cosmetic in most cases, informative always.
Melt-back and collapse are documented lyophilisation cycle defects with well-described visual appearances.
Nothing here is medical advice, and research-use compounds are not approved for human use.
Crimp, stopper, label, contents. Light background and dark background.
edited 14 Aug 2025 by pk_curve — added the citation requested in comments