The short version: same compound, same laboratory, same method, ideally same week — otherwise you are comparing laboratories rather than suppliers.
Submitting to different laboratories introduces a method difference that commonly exceeds the supplier difference. Gradient slope alone can move a reported purity figure by a per cent in either direction.
Certificate red flags and what each implies
| Observation | Implication | How to check |
|---|
| Lot number not on the vial | Certificate cannot be tied to your material | Photograph vial and certificate together |
| No method section | The number is not reproducible | Request column, gradient, wavelength |
| Purity to two decimals, no chromatogram | False precision | Request the trace |
| Test date before manufacture date | Certificate belongs to a different lot | Compare dates |
| Identical figures across lots | One certificate reused | Compare two lots side by side |
| “Sterile filtered” with no sterility test | Process claim substituted for a result | Ask for the sterility report |
The underlying point is that sample size matters. One order each is an anecdote about six vials; three orders each over a year is the beginning of a comparison.
Content assay results across the published datasets vary considerably more between suppliers than purity does, which makes content the more discriminating axis.
Price per milligram of measured peptide, not per milligram of label claim.