To be exact about it, the common error is getting the concentration right but then misreading the syringe scale, which is why checking the barrel marking rather than your memory matters.
Rotation of injection site is a tolerability measure, not a pharmacokinetic one, but if you are going to do it you might as well do it right.
Concentration and unit conversion at a glance
| Vial | Diluent | Concentration | 0.25 mg | 0.5 mg | 1 mg | 2.5 mg |
|---|
| 5 mg | 1 mL | 5 mg/mL | 5 u | 10 u | 20 u | 50 u |
| 5 mg | 2 mL | 2.5 mg/mL | 10 u | 20 u | 40 u | 100 u |
| 10 mg | 1 mL | 10 mg/mL | 2.5 u | 5 u | 10 u | 25 u |
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5 mg/mL | 5 u | 10 u | 20 u | 50 u |
| 10 mg | 3 mL | 3.33 mg/mL | 7.5 u | 15 u | 30 u | 75 u |
Units are U-100 insulin units, where 1 unit = 0.01 mL. Divide dose by concentration for millilitres, then multiply by 100.
It helps to be literal here: breaking it down further: if a 10 mg vial has 96.5 per cent content, you have 9.65 mg of peptide. Divide that by 2.00 mL and your concentration is 4.825 mg/mL, not 5.00 mg/mL, which is a 3.5 per cent systematic error in every dose calculation.
The Arrhenius relationship for drawing kinetics means that cold solution takes noticeably longer to draw than room-temperature solution.
One qualification: if your arithmetic and someone else's disagree by a factor of ten, one of you has made a unit error, and writing out the units at every step is the diagnostic.
If in doubt, use more diluent and accept the shorter usable window.