Accepted answer
Start with a baseline. A result taken before anything started converts most later ambiguity into a simple comparison, and it cannot be obtained retrospectively.
Repeat before you react. A single abnormal value has a substantial probability of being within the combined biological and analytical variation of a normal one.
Timing matters per analyte: cortisol and testosterone are diurnal, triglycerides are postprandial, and creatinine responds to hydration and to recent training. Fixing the conditions removes most of the noise.
Biological variation data are published per analyte and are the basis for the reference change value — the difference between two results that is larger than noise.
Nothing here is medical advice. If something is out of range and you do not know why, that is a consultation rather than a research project.
Same laboratory, same time, same fasting state, or the comparison is not a comparison.
edited 27 Sept 2025 by Dr_Bram_Verhoeven — added the citation requested in comments
Thank you — this is the answer I was looking for. – marcus_thorbjorn 4 months ago 8Same laboratory every time is advice I ignored for a year, and the series was useless because of it. – sian_llewellyn 2 months ago add a comment