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How many times can I pierce a stopper with a 27G needle before coring?

Asked 1 Dec 2024Modified 16 months agoViewed 27k times
25

For context, I am working with a 10 mg presentation and a 2 mL fill.

This is a procedural question rather than a theoretical one, and I would like the procedure rather than the theory.

What I have done so far is read the label documentation where it exists and the two pharmacopoeial monographs that are publicly available, which cover the licensed presentation and say nothing about a research one.

What does a defensible version of this look like in practice?

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askedellis_thorne17k171 Dec 2024
5Can you add the vial size and the diluent volume? Everything follows from those two. – amara_nwachukwu 8 months ago
4Is this U-100 or U-40? It changes the arithmetic by a factor of two and a half. – b_delacroix 6 months ago
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5 Answers

Accepted answer first, then by votes
8

Accepted answer

There is no count, and 27G is why: coring is a single event, not an accumulation. A needle cores when its bevel punches a full disc of rubber instead of parting it, and that either happens on a given puncture or does not. At 27G the bore is narrow enough that any disc it cuts is small and easy to miss under inspection. Technique moves the odds far more than the count does: enter at an angle, rotate the bevel, then bring it upright — that parts the septum rather than punching it. Inspect against a dark background before every draw, because the number of punctures a stopper survives is a property of that stopper and this is the only way to find it out.

Start with the fact that gauge numbers run backwards — a higher number is a thinner needle — which is the source of half the confusion in this tag.

Typical outer diameters: 21G is about 0.82 mm, 23G about 0.64 mm, 25G about 0.51 mm, 29G about 0.34 mm and 31G about 0.26 mm. The gauge number and the diameter move in opposite directions.

The underlying point is that fixed-needle insulin syringes are supplied in 29G to 31G and cannot be swapped for drawing, which is the trade-off against their much lower dead space.

Needle gauge to outer diameter correspondence is standardised and published; the inverse relationship between gauge number and diameter is the reason for the counter-intuitive labelling.

If a solution will not draw through a 25G needle, the problem is the solution rather than the needle.

Gauge numbers run backwards. Higher number, thinner needle.

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answered · acceptedlyoph_cake78k26713 Feb 2025
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33

The short version: 21G to 23G to draw, 29G to 31G to inject, and never the same needle for both.

Drawing a viscous or foamy solution through a fine needle takes long enough that people rush the plunger, which causes more foaming. Using a wider drawing needle is the fix.

Stopper coring — punching a disc of rubber into the solution — is a large-bore phenomenon. An 18G or 21G needle inserted straight and fast is the classic way to do it; inserting at a slight angle with the bevel up reduces the risk.

Angle the bevel and insert gently to avoid coring the stopper.

edited 19 Mar 2025 by Dr_Colm_Fitzhenry — added the citation requested in comments

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DF
answeredDr_Colm_Fitzhenry69k24719 Mar 2025
8This should be linked from the help pages. – kwn_analytical 3 months ago
Small correction: the units in the third paragraph should be micrograms, not milligrams. – ruaidhri_o_shea 4 months ago
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6

The honest answer is that injection gauge is a comfort decision and drawing gauge is a stopper-coring decision.

Flow through a needle scales with the fourth power of the internal radius under the Hagen–Poiseuille relation. Halving the radius reduces flow sixteen-fold at the same pressure, which is why a 31G needle draws so much more slowly than a 21G.

For injecting, 29G to 31G is the usual range and the difference in perceived discomfort between them is small. Needle length matters more than gauge for comfort at these volumes.

The caveat is that no gauge choice makes a non-sterile preparation safe, and research-use compounds are not approved for human use.

Flow goes as the fourth power of radius. That is why the difference feels so large.

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MF
answeredmeniscus_film32k272 Feb 2025
5

This is a straightforward answer that people over-complicate because the numbering is counter-intuitive.

A 30G or 31G needle through a butyl stopper leaves a track that reseals, which is why fine-gauge repeated entry is tolerable and coarse-gauge repeated entry is not.

Length affects comfort more than gauge does at these volumes.

edited 4 Mar 2025 by tyndall_haze — added the method parameters

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TH
answeredtyndall_haze38k3825 Feb 2025
5Two of us worked through this independently and arrived here, so at least it reproduces. – n_takahashi 6 months ago
6Thank you — the worked example is what makes this usable. – tandem_gradient 8 months ago
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3

For a 4 mm pen-style needle the gauge options are narrow and the choice is nearly made for you.

Very fine needles are more prone to bending and to blocking with any particulate, which is a practical argument for inspecting the solution before drawing.

Coring risk as a function of needle gauge and insertion technique is documented in pharmacy compounding guidance.

Nothing here is medical advice.

Big to draw, small to inject, never the same one twice.

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SL
answeredsian_llewellyn65k1478 Mar 2025
5Thank you — this is the answer I was looking for. – ruaidhri_o_shea 7 months ago
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Your answer

Ask PeptideStack is a static archive. Posting is closed, but the norms are worth stating: answer the question that was asked, show your working, cite the trial or the certificate, and say plainly where the evidence runs out.

Not medical advice. Research-use-only compounds are not approved for human use.