Accepted answer
Answer first: vet the documentation before you vet the supplier, because documentation is the only thing you can assess before spending anything.
The post-arrival sequence: inspect before reconstitution, photograph anything unexpected, confirm the lot code is physically on the vial, and submit a sample to an independent laboratory before committing to a larger order.
Set your accept threshold before you see the result. Deciding after the number arrives is how thresholds become negotiable, and everybody does it unless they wrote it down first.
Published inter-laboratory comparisons of peptide purity routinely find spreads of half a per cent to a per cent on identical material, which sets a realistic expectation for agreement.
The caveat is that a good result on one lot is a fact about that lot. It is a prior for the next one, not a guarantee.
Write your accept threshold down before the result arrives.
edited 14 Sept 2025 by ilaria_bertone — fixed an arithmetic slip in the third paragraph