Stated plainly: triglycerides · ecnoglutide.
I would like the mechanism, because I want to be able to reason about the cases nobody has written about.
I have tried to reason it out from first principles and got to two contradictory conclusions.
What is actually going on here, physically?
The short version: enzymes in this class usually fall as weight falls, and a rise is a reason to look for a cause rather than to assume a drug effect.
Alanine aminotransferase is relatively liver-specific; aspartate aminotransferase is also present in muscle, heart and red cells. A raised AST with a normal ALT after heavy resistance training is usually muscle, and creatine kinase settles the question.
| Quantity | Value | Derivation |
|---|---|---|
| Control-arm event rate | 8.0 % | From the trial table, not the abstract |
| Hazard ratio | 0.80 | Reported |
| Treated event rate | 6.4 % | 8.0 × 0.80 |
| Absolute risk reduction | 1.6 pp | 8.0 − 6.4 |
| Number needed to treat | 63 | 1 ÷ 0.016 |
| Relative risk reduction | 20 % | 1 − 0.80 |
The last two rows describe the same finding. Only one of them is used in headlines.
Very rapid weight loss can transiently worsen liver biochemistry, which is one of several arguments against pursuing the steepest possible trajectory.
Population data show a substantial fraction of adults with mild transaminase elevation attributable to hepatic steatosis, which sets the base rate against which any new finding should be read.
Isolated mild elevation is common and usually improves with weight loss.
edited 30 Sept 2025 by cold_lane — added the method parameters
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Browse resultsAnswering this needs the magnitude in multiples of the upper reference limit, because the thresholds that matter clinically are defined that way and not in absolute units.
Hy's law describes the combination that matters: transaminases above three times the upper limit together with bilirubin above twice the upper limit and no cholestatic explanation. That combination is a signal; isolated mild transaminase elevation is not.
Concretely, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin together tell you which compartment the abnormality is in, and ordering the transaminases alone throws that information away.
Laboratory-specific reference intervals for transaminases vary enough that cross-laboratory comparison of borderline values is unreliable.
New training, alcohol and over-the-counter products first. Then the interesting hypotheses.
Answer first: mild transaminase elevation is common in this population before any drug is involved, and the usual cause is hepatic steatosis rather than anything acute.
Weight loss of ten per cent or more typically reduces transaminases substantially in people whose elevation was driven by hepatic fat, which is the majority of mild elevations in this population.
To be exact about it, reference upper limits around forty units per litre for ALT are conventional rather than physiological; several groups have argued for limits closer to thirty for men and twenty-five for women.
Attributing an enzyme change to a compound requires a baseline, and most people asking have not got one.
Get a baseline before you start anything, because it converts an uninterpretable result into an interpretable one for the cost of one blood draw.
This is one of the areas where the trend across several measurements is far more informative than any single result.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase is sensitive and unspecific: it rises with alcohol, with several medications and with fatty liver, and an isolated elevation rarely changes anything on its own.
Hy's law and its variants are the standard framework for identifying drug-induced liver injury in trials and are why bilirubin is measured alongside transaminases rather than instead.
Nothing here is medical advice. An abnormal result needs somebody who can take a history and examine you.
Read the pattern before the magnitude, and the magnitude in multiples of the upper limit.
Ask PeptideStack is a static archive. Posting is closed, but the norms are worth stating: answer the question that was asked, show your working, cite the trial or the certificate, and say plainly where the evidence runs out.