Accepted answer
Start with the rate of loss, because that is the variable the risk actually tracks.
Loss rates above about 1.5 kilograms a week are where the risk climbs most steeply in the older literature, which is a practical argument against the fastest possible trajectory.
Gastrointestinal adverse events, indicative pooled rates
| Event | Active arm | Placebo arm | Timing |
|---|
| Nausea | 40–45 % | 15–20 % | Peaks 1–2 wk after each step |
| Vomiting | 15–25 % | 5–8 % | Follows nausea |
| Diarrhoea | 20–30 % | 10–15 % | Early, variable |
| Constipation | 20–25 % | 8–12 % | Later onset, persistent |
| Discontinuation for GI events | 4–7 % | 1–2 % | Mostly during escalation |
Ranges span agents and doses; read the specific prescribing information for a specific figure.
Including some dietary fat at meals maintains gallbladder contraction. A near-zero-fat diet during rapid loss is the combination that maximises risk, which inverts the intuitive advice.
The dual mechanism — raised biliary cholesterol saturation plus reduced gallbladder emptying — is established from bile composition and motility studies.
Keep some fat in meals. A zero-fat diet stops the gallbladder emptying.