room temperature is above the refrigerated band, and how far above is the whole answer. Room temperature is not a number, so take the pharmacopoeial 20–25 °C and its 22.5 °C midpoint: 17.5 kelvin above the 5 °C middle of a 2–8 °C refrigerator. The ten-degree rule of thumb — degradation rate roughly doubling per 10 K — puts that at about 3.4 times the refrigerated rate. It is an order-of-magnitude statement about a rate, not a shelf life, and the top of the 20–25 °C band runs about 1.4 times faster than the bottom of it. Lyophilised material tolerates this far better than solution does, which is why it is shipped that way, but "tolerates" is a statement about weeks and the vial is being asked about months. Log the excursion rather than guess at it. Nothing here is medical advice, and research-use-only material is not approved for human use.
Answer first: dry, cold, dark and still, with the lot code where you can still read it in a year.
Keep vials in their original carton or in an opaque box. Light exposure matters for tryptophan-containing sequences and for anything with a chromophore, and a closed box is free.
Degradation pathway by condition
| Pathway | Dominant when | Detected by |
|---|
| Deamidation | Solution, neutral to alkaline pH | RP-HPLC, +1 Da on MS |
| Oxidation | Light, trace metals, peroxides | RP-HPLC, +16 Da on MS |
| Hydrolysis | Solution, extremes of pH | RP-HPLC, fragment masses |
| Aggregation | Agitation, interfaces, high concentration | SEC, visual haze; often invisible on RP-HPLC |
| Freeze-concentration damage | Freeze-thaw of buffered solution | SEC, loss of recovered content |
Keep the certificate with the vial, physically or as a photograph filed under the lot code. A vial without a traceable certificate is an anonymous vial regardless of where it came from.
The 28-day in-use period for preservative-containing multi-dose preparations is printed on the diluent labelling and is a long-standing pharmacy convention.
A printed expiry on research-grade material has no stability programme behind it.
Minus eighty buys very little over minus twenty for a dry solid.