On a 15 mg vial every percentage point of water and counter-ion is 0.15 mg, so the answer is a multiplication once you have the net peptide content off the certificate. Settle first whether the 15 mg on the label is gross fill or net peptide, because the two differ by exactly the quantity being asked about. If the certificate quotes net peptide content of 85 per cent, a 15 mg gross fill holds 12.75 mg of peptide; at 78 per cent it holds 11.7 mg. That 1.05 mg gap is 7 per cent of the label, larger than any purity difference anybody argues about, and it is invisible to a purity figure because water and acetate are not impurity peaks. Amino acid analysis or a nitrogen determination gives you the number; an HPLC area per cent never will.
Put another way, content assay and purity are orthogonal measurements answering orthogonal questions, and the confusion between them is one of the most expensive misreadings in this space.
Quantitation against a certified reference material assumes the sample and standard are treated identically through the analytical method, which is why the method for calibration matters as much as the method for measurement.
Peak area for a standard of known weight produces a response factor — area per unit mass — which is then applied to the sample peak to infer sample mass.
Quantitation against a standard requires that the standard be traceable to a national metrology institute, and certificates for research-grade standards claim that traceability.
Worth noting that the standard certificate carries its own uncertainty, usually on the order of two to three per cent, which the sample result inherits.
The practical summary: if you are ordering from a new supplier, budget for content assay on the first lot.