Accepted answer
The part that matters: the distinction that resolves most of these questions is understanding what concentration actually means and why it is not the same as label claim.
Do not use the same needle to pierce the stopper and to administer. The tip is blunted by the stopper, and the hub now contains a dose you are about to lose to dead space anyway.
Mechanically, number of stopper piercings matters less than the gauge doing the piercing. A 30G or 31G needle through a butyl stopper leaves a track that reseals; a 21G or 18G drawing needle punches a core and can drop it into the solution.
Published data on syringe dead space quantifies low-dead-space designs as retaining under 2 µL against 35 µL or more for conventional detachable-needle syringes.
The limitation is that technique reduces risk, it does not remove it, and nothing you can do outside a controlled environment makes a non-sterile preparation sterile.
Do the arithmetic twice, ideally with someone else doing it independently.
Does this hold at lower concentrations, or does adsorption dominate? – e_dziedzic 2 months ago Worth flagging that this changed in 2025, so older answers on the site are out of date. – nine_point_nine 23 days ago add a comment