Accepted answer
Concretely, batch testing establishes what can be claimed about the lot as a whole, and the sample size determines how much you can actually claim.
The sample size determination requires choosing a confidence level and an acceptable error rate, and the smaller the error rate you want, the larger your sample must be.
In practice, if the lot was manufactured in multiple batches, testing vials from each batch separately establishes whether batch-to-batch variation is acceptable.
Sampling plans for pharmaceutical manufacturing are defined in ISO 2859 and ANSI Z1.4, and they are based on statistical sampling theory.
I would treat a "complies with" statement without sampling details as a claim rather than as evidence.
The practical summary: a lot number without a sampling statement is a lot number without meaning.
5I would add a sentence about sterility here, since it is the thing people skip. – anja_hellstrom 3 months ago 4The placebo-arm figure is the part everyone omits. – gradient_slope 1 months ago add a comment